Ndife ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi opanga zodzikongoletsera, chakudya ndi makina opanga mankhwala kwazaka 20.Makamaka pakupanga chosakanizira, pali zokumana nazo zolemera, ukadaulo wapamwamba womwe uli kale ndi fakitale yomwe ili m'chigawo cha Jiangsu.
Popanga chosakanizira, imatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe akufuna.Monga makina ndi optional vakuyumu, kusakaniza, Kutentha, homogenizer kupita emulsion, etc ntchito.Chifukwa chake makina adzapangidwa motengera momwe zinthu zimapangidwira.
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Malinga ndi lamulo lachiwiri la thermodynamics, mankhwala ambiri osamalira khungu amakhala osakhazikika mwachilengedwe chifukwa mankhwalawa ndi ophatikizana ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zomwe sizimasakanikirana.Kuti zitsimikizire moyo wa alumali, mankhwalawa ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi ma stabilizer oyenera.Kawirikawiri, ma ionic kapena nonionic surfactants amawonjezeredwa ngati emulsifiers.
Akukhulupirira kuti otsika maselo kulemera amphiphiles kupanga zodzoladzola sagwirizana ndi khungu.Chifukwa chake, makampani opanga zodzoladzola akuyang'ana mafuta odzola opanda surfactant omwe angalowe m'malo mwa miyambo yakale.Kuti apange zinthu zokhazikika komanso zowoneka bwino, njira zina zoyembekezeka kwambiri ndi monga ma emulsifiers a polima kapena tinthu tating'ono ngati zolimbitsa thupi.
Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira ma emulsion, ma emulsion amatha kukhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito ma macromolecules abwino m'malo mwa otsika otsika a maselo olemera.Emulsion bata nthawi zambiri bwino powonjezera ma polima kuti thicken ndi kuonjezera zokolola za mosalekeza gawo.
Komabe, kuti agwire bwino ntchito, ma polima a surfactant monga hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kapena carbomer 1342 atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati emulsifier yoyamba.Ma polima awa amapanga mafilimu osakanikirana omwe amalepheretsa bwino kugwirizanitsa madontho amafuta.Pankhaniyi, kukhazikika kwa kukulitsa kukhuthala kwa gawo lakunja sikuli kofunikira.
Malingaliro opangidwa oterowo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma hydrolipid dispersions kapena ma gels amadzimadzi amadzimadzi, omwe ali oyenera kwambiri pazopangira zoteteza ku dzuwa ndipo motero amadziwika kuti "emulsifier-free" formulations.Kuchokera pamalingaliro akuthupi ndi amankhwala izi sizolondola.(Malinga ndi International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, katundu wa emulsifier amatanthauzidwa motere: An emulsifier ndi surfactant. Imachepetsa kukangana kwapakati pa zosungunulira zosungunulira ndipo motero imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa ma adsorption pa A pang'ono a emulsifier imatha kulimbikitsa mapangidwe a ma emulsion kapena kukulitsa kukhazikika kwawo pochepetsa kuphatikizika kwa chimodzi kapena zonse ziwiri ndi kuphatikizika.)
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa mapangidwe awa ndi ma emulsion okhazikika ndi "achikhalidwe" emulsifiers ndi kuthekera kwawo kuyambitsa kupsa mtima: ma polymer emulsifiers ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa mamolekyulu motero sangathe kulowa mu stratum corneum.Chifukwa chake, kuyanjana koyipa monga Majorca Acne sikuyembekezeredwa.Ndicho chifukwa chake amatchedwa "emulsifier-free".Gome 1 likuwonetsa zitsanzo zapamwamba.
An acrylate/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer anagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati polima emulsifier mu Fomula A. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi asidi polyacrylic ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati co-stabilizers.acrylic copolymer ndi polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342 yosinthidwa ndi C10-30 alkyl acrylate komanso yolumikizidwa ndi allyl pentaerythritol.
Lipophilic alkyl acrylate moiety imayang'aniridwa ndi hydrophilic acrylic acid moiety.Zomwe zimapangidwira macromolecule zimakhala ndi kulemera kwa 4 × 109. Zinthuzo sizimasungunuka, koma zikasasunthika ndi maziko abwino zimakula mpaka nthawi 1000.
Carbomer polima emulsifiers kupanga wandiweyani gel osakaniza wosanjikiza mozungulira dontho lililonse la mafuta mu otsika electrolyte ndende amadzimadzi gawo, ndi hydrophobic alkyl unyolo wokhazikika mu gawo mafuta.Mlingo wokhazikika wa ma polima emulsifiers a 0.1% mpaka 0.3% okha ndi omwe amafunikira kuti asungunuke mpaka 20% yamafuta.
Ngati mafuta odzola akhudzana ndi khungu lomwe lili ndi electrolyte, limakhala losakhazikika chifukwa gel oteteza wosanjikiza amatupa nthawi yomweyo.Pambuyo pochotsa gawo la mafuta, filimu yopyapyala yamafuta imakhalabe pakhungu.Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga zinthu zoteteza dzuwa kuti, ngakhale zili ndi hydrophilic katundu, zimakhala zosagwirizana ndi madzi panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
Emulsions okhazikika ndi acrylate / C10-30 alkyl acrylate cross-polymers akhoza kukonzedwa ndi njira zachindunji kapena zosalunjika (onani Table 2).
Table 2 Ndondomeko yokonzekera ma gels omwazika ndi madzi pogwiritsa ntchito polima emulsifiers molunjika kapena mwachindunji.
Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwamakina kwa ma polymer emulsifiers olemera kwambiri, ma homogenizer apamwamba kwambiri ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala chifukwa izi zimachepetsa kukhazikika kwa emulsion.Nthawi zambiri, m'mimba mwake wa droplet wa nyimbo zotere ndi 20-50 μm.Koma izi sizikhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa kukhazikika kwa thupi.
Ngati makina omwazika bwino (ma microns 1-5) asankhidwa kuti azikongoletsa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera amphiphilic co-emulsifier, mwachitsanzo sorbitan monooleate.Komabe, njira zoterezi sizingatchulidwe kuti "zopanda emulsifier".
Ngakhale Kupanga B (onani pansi pa Table 1) ndi mtundu wa hydrolipid dispersion, imagwiritsa ntchito hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) yokha ngati polima emulsifier.
Zolemba zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito HPMC monga emulsifier ya polima ndizochepa kwambiri pokhudzana ndi electrolytes poyerekeza ndi madzi-lipid dispersions omwe amagwiritsa ntchito polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342. Choncho, emulsions ya mafuta / madzi momwe njira yakunja ya saline imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo imakhalabe yokhazikika panthawi yosungirako.
Chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwamakina pakagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu, mafuta odzola amatha kuwonongeka pang'ono ndikupanga filimu yowonda yamafuta pakhungu, yomwe imachepetsa kuyamwa kwapakhungu.Madzi akatuluka, gawo la mafuta odzola limatsalira pakhungu, ndikupanga filimu yosinthika momwe madontho amafuta amakhazikika mu matrix a polima.
Ma emulsions okhazikika a HPMC amakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito rotor-stator homogenizer monga Ultra Turrax®.Homogenizer imatulutsa timadontho tating'ono ta 2-5 µm kukula kwake.Mkulu mphamvu athandizira kuchokera akupanga kapena mkulu kuthamanga homogenization angagwiritsidwe ntchito kubala nanoemulsions ndi pafupifupi awiri a 100-500 nm.
Nanoemulsions okhazikika ndi HPMC akhoza kuzizira kukonzedwa kuchokera kumadzimadzi amadzimadzi gawo.Kuti apeze yaiwisi chisanadze emulsion, ndi madzi mafuta gawo ndi amadzimadzi polima njira anali pamodzi firiji.Pre-emulsion imadutsa mu homogenizer yothamanga kwambiri pa 20-90 MPa kangapo kuti ipeze nanoemulsion yomaliza.
Ngakhale ndizotheka mwaukadaulo kuonjezera kukakamiza kupitirira mulingo woyenera popanda vuto lililonse, izi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kukula kwa madontho akulu ndipo sizimakwaniritsa kubalalitsidwa kwapamwamba komwe kumafunidwa.Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa overprocessing ndipo ndi wamba Mbali ya polima-stabilized emulsions.
Chinthu china chodziwika bwino cha ma emulsion okhazikika ndi HPMC ndikuti amatha kutsekedwa mu autoclave popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa khalidwe lawo.Izi ndichifukwa choti amawonetsa kusintha kwa sol-gel thermoreversible.Pa kutentha pamwamba pa 60 ° C, gawo lakunja limakhuthala ndikuletsa kuyenda kwa madontho amafuta omwazika.
Madontho sangathe kugundana ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuphatikiza kumakhala kocheperako.Chifukwa chake, opanga ma emulsion amatha kupanga ma emulsions amafuta m'madzi popanda zoteteza ngati zotengera zomwe zimalimbana ndi kuipitsidwanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Monga tanena kale, ma emulsion amathanso kukhazikika kudzera pakukhathamiritsa kwa viscosity pakuwonjezera ma polima monga ma carbomers (polyacrylic acid).Mapangidwe awa amatchedwa "quasi" emulsions chifukwa kukhazikika kwa polima sikuphatikizana ndi mawonekedwe.Zogulitsa zoyenera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "balms", nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ma lipids ochepa omwe amamwazikana mu hydrogel.
Kubalalika kwabwino kwa lipids kumatsimikizira kukhazikika kwathupi komanso moyo wokwanira wa alumali.Muyeso uwu ndi kupsinjika kwa zokolola za gawo lakunja kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa madontho, potero kupondereza emulsification ndi coalescence madontho amafuta.
Tidalankhula ndi Pulofesa Hongxia Wang waku Queensland University of Technology za pulojekiti yatsopano yomwe ikuyembekeza kugwiritsa ntchito graphene ndi zida zina zotsika mtengo za kaboni kuti apange ma cell a solar a perovskite amphamvu kwambiri otsika mtengo.
M'mafunsowa, AzoNano amalankhula ndi mapulofesa Moti Segev ndi Vladimir Shalaev, omwe apeza zodabwitsa mu makhiristo a nthawi ya photonic omwe amatsutsa kafukufuku ndi malingaliro omwe alipo.
M'mafunsowa, tikambirana za njira yatsopano yowonera ma Raman spectroscopy yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma nanopockets kuti igwire mamolekyu omwe akufuna, zomwe zimathandizira kuzindikira kwamphamvu kwamankhwala.
Makamera a ClearView scintillation amakulitsa luso la routine transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Kujambula kwapamwamba kophatikizana ndi malo ndi in situ nanoindentation pogwiritsa ntchito Bruker Hysitron PI 89 Auto SEM.
Phunzirani za Phe-nx's NANOS, SEM yowunikira yomwe imasanthula zinthu mwachangu ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyiyika ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-23-2023